常用的防火電纜高壓電力電纜有(you)哪(na)些?今(jin)天小編就帶大家(jia)來看看。

　　1.電(dian)纜模型的表示方(fang)法(fa)

　　電(dian)纜的(de)類別和型號(hao)用拼(pin)(pin)音字(zi)母和數字(zi)表示。型號(hao)通常用大寫的(de)漢語拼(pin)(pin)音字(zi)母表示，電(dian)纜絕緣層和內外保護(hu)層用拼(pin)(pin)音字(zi)母和數字(zi)的(de)組合表示，既能完(wan)整地反映電(dian)纜的(de)類別和用途，又能清楚地顯示電(dian)纜的(de)主要結構、材(cai)料和敷(fu)設場合。

　　2.電力電纜的分類

　　電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)按(an)絕(jue)緣類型(xing)一(yi)般分為PVC絕(jue)緣(塑料)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)、XLPE絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)、橡膠絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)、充油和浸油紙絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，又可分為普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)、架空電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)、地(di)下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)、海底(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)、耐火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)、防火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)、阻(zu)燃電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)等。

　　3.幾種常見(jian)電纜及其(qi)特(te)點

　　1)銅導線電(dian)力電(dian)纜

　　目前國內低(di)壓電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)都是全(quan)芯(xin)絞在(zai)一起(qi)的。這種結構的電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)抗(kang)干(gan)擾能力和防(fang)雷性能差(cha)，三相阻抗(kang)不平(ping)衡，零(ling)序阻抗(kang)大，使線路保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)器難以可靠(kao)運行。

　　2)交聯聚乙烯絕緣(yuan)電力電纜(lan)

　　XLPE電纜(lan)(lan)簡稱，它是利用化學或物理的(de)方(fang)法(fa)，將電纜(lan)(lan)的(de)絕緣材料聚(ju)(ju)乙烯塑料的(de)分子從線性(xing)結構(gou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化為(wei)三維網絡結構(gou)，即把(ba)原來的(de)熱塑性(xing)聚(ju)(ju)乙烯轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化為(wei)熱固聯(lian)聚(ju)(ju)乙烯塑料，從而大大提高電纜(lan)(lan)的(de)耐熱性(xing)和使用壽(shou)命，同(tong)時還保持其優良的(de)電氣性(xing)能(neng)。

　　3)聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯絕緣護套電(dian)力電(dian)纜

　　聚(ju)氯乙(yi)烯絕緣聚(ju)護(hu)套(tao)電力(li)電纜的長期工作溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)不得超過(guo)70.電纜導體(ti)的高溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)不得超過(guo)160.短(duan)路持續時間(jian)長不超過(guo)5s，施工敷設低溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)不低于0.

　　高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)和低壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)主要(yao)區別(bie)是高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)比(bi)低壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)有更多的(de)(de)半導體層和屏蔽層。因(yin)此，高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)絕(jue)緣層比(bi)低壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)厚得(de)多，結構復雜(za)，工藝要(yao)求也高(gao)。

　　其中內半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)層(ceng)的(de)主要作用是(shi)改善電(dian)場效(xiao)應。由于高壓(ya)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜的(de)導(dao)體(ti)與(yu)絕(jue)緣層(ceng)之間(jian)(jian)存在間(jian)(jian)隙，容易產生局部放電(dian)，損壞絕(jue)緣層(ceng)。為(wei)了改善這種情況，在金屬(shu)導(dao)體(ti)和絕(jue)緣層(ceng)之間(jian)(jian)增加了半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)材料的(de)屏蔽層(ceng)，起(qi)到(dao)過渡作用。外半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)層(ceng)具有與(yu)內半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)層(ceng)相同(tong)的(de)功能，其功能是(shi)避(bi)免絕(jue)緣層(ceng)和金屬(shu)鞘(qiao)之間(jian)(jian)的(de)局部放電(dian)。

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